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Mastering Leptin—Appetite Hormone Spurs
Dramatic Inch and weight
Loss
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Leptin is so named from the Greek “leptos,” which means thin. The hormone lives up to its name. The hunger hormone “has far-reaching physiological effects on both food intake and energy expenditure,” Dr. Steven Heymsfield, a professor of medicine at Columbia University in New York City, tells ABC News. Meanwhile, in the area of clinical research, no less a publication than the Journal of the American Medical Association has reported on the leptin-weight loss connection. In a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study, conducted from April 1997 to October 1998, it was found that weight loss “increased with increasing doses of leptin among all subjects.” At the highest leptin dose, more than 95 percent of the subjects’ weight loss was from fat. No clinically significant adverse effects were observed on major organ systems. “A dose-response relationship with weight and fat loss was observed,” the researchers say. “Based on this study, administration of exogenous leptin appears to induce weight loss in some obese subjects…” Manufactured in the fat cells, leptin tells the brain whether the body has sufficient energy stores, or fat. Leptin
Weight-loss Breakthrough This is what we at Healthy Living have discovered about Lepti-Trim with leptin: • Used at the right time (lunch and dinner) you will be less likely to overeat. •In particular you will lose your craving for chocolate and other sweets (leptin blunts the craving for carbohydrates). • You must take two to th must take two to th Y ree capsules. The leptin product we used (Lepti-Trim) is relatively fast acting. • There is no stimulant feeling as with other weight-loss products. The hormone sends satiety signals to the hypothalamus—the brain’s eating control center—and tells us when we can stop eating, says Dr. Julio Licinio, a professor of psychiatry and medicine at the University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine. Dr. Licinio’s own recent dramatic study demonstrates how powerful leptin is to control our cravings for food. Hormone Leads to Dramatic Weight Loss for Three Cousins Almost everyone produces leptin—that is, almost everyone but for three Turkish cousins: Bayrum Donsek, Elif Fakili, and Zeynep Fakili. These three from Turkey are the only known adults in the world to possess the genetic mutation that renders them leptin-deficient—and the consequences have been devastating, reports ABC News. “In the absence of leptin, the brain never receives the message that the body has sufficient food, believing it to be in a constant state of starvation. For this reason, the Turkish family members have demonstrated voracious appetites, eating and eating themselves up to weights ranging from 235 pounds to more than 300 pounds, yet never feeling full.” Dr. Licinio flew the relatives from their isolated village to the University of California Los Angeles to participate in clinical trials funded by the National Institutes of Health. Every day for 10 months, the cousins received leptin injections while researchers tracked every system in their bodies to record the effects of the hormone injections. The results have been dramatic, says Dr. Licinio. So dramatic that the same individuals who required two seats each for their journey to America will soon return home in one regular seat each. “The researchers did not instruct the subjects to eat more or less of anything, but because leptin affects appetite,” explains Dr. Licinio, “the subjects spontaneously began to feel much less hungry. “In addition, leptin stimulates physical activity, so their activity levels increased as well,” continues Dr. Licinio. They began to slowly lose weight, and over time, the weight just kept dropping off—half of it gone in less than one year. More
Leptin Benefits
Recently, the taste organ was found to be one of the peripheral targets for leptin. The hormone specifically inhibits sweet taste responses in lean mice. Thus, leptin appears to act as a modulator of sweet taste. Purdue University Professor Ki-Han Kim is in the forefront of such research on leptin. His research provides new information about how this weight-reducing protein works. All of the reports and research on the ob gene and leptin thus far have assumed that the protein acts by causing a hormonal response in the brain, causing the body to feel satiated. Kim, of Purdue’s Department of Biochemistry, has discovered that these findings are only partly correct. He was able to show that production in fat cells also was slowed by leptin. The finding gives scientists the first indication that leptin suppresses biochemical reactions in fat cells without the participation of the brain. When researchers injected laboratory mice with leptin, previously obese mice became as thin as rodent track stars. “It’s true that the animal isn’t eating as much when it is given leptin,” Kim says. “But that doesn’t mean that the brain is initiating this. Whenever we eat, we alter the hormonal status of the body. The body has to tell its various parts to do something with this food that has been ingested. When leptin inhibits fat synthesis, it causes the body to have extra food in its system, which causes the hormonal system to send a message back to the brain saying that the body is satiated and to stop eating. “So leptin’s interaction in the brain isn’t the whole story,” says the Purdue researcher. “Leptin also appears to act via pathways that are independent of the brain. My thinking is that it works by inhibiting the synthesis of fat in fat cells and increasing the burning of fat in muscle cells. It works at an enzymatic, cellular level.” Kim has found that the ob gene causes the muscle cells to produce leptin and suppresses a gene that produces an enzyme known as acetyl-CoA carboxylase, or ACC, which is essential for fat production. Not only will this new information speed the process of delivering a pharmaceutical product to consumers, it provides scientific credibility to the new leptin supplements such as Lepti-Trim.
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